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New guidance on citing classroom or intranet resources The shortDOI service will either produce a new shortDOI or retrieve an existing shortDOI. When a DOI or URL is long or complex, you may use shortDOIs or shortened URLs. Links should be live if the work is to be published or read online. It is acceptable to use either the default display settings for hyperlinks or plain text that is not underlined. Do not insert "Retrieved from" before a working hyperlink. Present both DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks (). No "Retrieved from" wording.įor works without DOIs from most academic research databases, do NOT include a URL or database information in the reference because these works are widely available. Include a period after name, followed by the URL. Provide social media or website name in title case without italics (e.g., Twitter) in source element. Use social media as a source only when the content was originally published there. When the publisher and author are the same, use the publisher as the author name and omit the publisher name at the end of the citation, as opposed to writing Author to indicate the publisher in APA 6. If not specified by instructor, each annotation should be indented as a new paragraph below its reference entry. Books from research databases without DOIs treated the same as print works.įollow instructor's rules. Provide the city state, province, or territory as applicable AND country (vs. no URL or database name).įor articles with article numbers (e.g., eLocators), write the word "Article" and then provide the article number instead of the page range.Įxample: PLOS ONE, 11 (7), Article 30158474.įor works associated with a specific location, such as conference presentations, include the location in the source element of the reference to help with retrieval. Journal articles without DOIs from databases treated as print works (i.e. Issue number included in all journal article references. At 21 authors or more, use an ellipsis to substitute the second to last author. Write out 20 authors, as opposed to 7 authors max in 6th edition. The correct spellings for some common technology words in APA Style papers are as follows:Įmail, data set, Wi-Fi, home page, ebook, smartphone, website, username, ereader, internet, webpage, login page (but "log in" when used as a verb), database, intranet, the web, emoji (for the plural, either "emoji" or "emojis") Use double quotation marks to refer to a letter, word, phrase, or sentence as itself, or to present "stimulus words." Use one space after a period, as opposed to two spaces.īroader use of quotation marks rather than italics Use the singular "they" for people who use this pronoun or when the gender of the person is unknown or irrelevant to the context. *Rules for heading levels 1 and 2 remain the same from APA 6. Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.) Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph. Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading, Ending With a Period. Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.) Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph. Indented, Bold, Title Case Heading, Ending With a Period. Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. APA 6 only allowed 12-point Times New Roman.įlush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading (vs. Change to be more consistent with how other publishers format title page.ĭo not include the label "Running head" to identify the running head on any page.Ī variety of font choices are permitted in APA style, such as a sans serif font (e.g., 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode) or a serif font (e.g., 12-point Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, or normal (10-point) Computer Modern.
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Superscript numerals for author affiliations for two authors with different affiliations and three or more authors with shared or different affiliations.
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Do not use a running head or author note for student papers (only for professional papers).
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Include course, instructor, and due date.